The American Council on Education (ACE) is a higher education association that represents the presidents of U.S. accredited, degree-granting institutions, which include two- and four-year colleges, private and public universities, and nonprofit and for-profit entities. Their focus is on improving access and student success by leading federal policy debates on issues such as: Pell grant funding, scientific research, and tax proposals. ACE often represents higher education on legal issues and federal court cases including, at the U.S. Supreme Court.